Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þrāan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þrēaną.

Verb

*þrāan[1]

to twist

Inflection

Strong class 7d
Infinitive	*þrāan
1st sg. past	*þrē
3rd pl. past	*þrēun
Past ptcple	*þrāan
Infinitive	*þrāan
Genitive infin.	*þrāannjas
Dative infin.	*þrāannjē
Instrum. infin.	*þrāannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*þrāu	*þrē
2nd singular	*þrāiʀi	*þrēī
3rd singular	*þrāidi	*þrē
1st plural	*þrāum	*þrēum
2nd plural	*þrāid	*þrēud
3rd plural	*þrāand	*þrēun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*þrāē	*þrēī
2nd singular	*þrāēs	*þrēī
3rd singular	*þrāē	*þrēī
1st plural	*þrāēm	*þrēīm
2nd plural	*þrāēþ	*þrēīd
3rd plural	*þrāēn	*þrēīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*þrā
Plural	*þrāid
	Present	Past
Participle	*þrāandī	*þrāan

Descendants

Old English: þrāwan
- Middle English: throwen, thrawen, thorwen
  - English: throw
    - Northumbrian: thraa
  - Scots: thraw
  - Yola: drowe, draugh
Old Frisian: thrāia
- North Frisian: treie
- West Frisian: draaie, triuwe
Old Saxon: thrāian
- Middle Low German: dreien, dreyen, drêgen, dreigen
  - German Low German: dreihen
  - Low German: draien, dreien
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: dreie
  - → Norwegian Nynorsk: dreie
  - → Swedish: dreja
  - → Danish: dreje
Old Dutch: thrāien
- Middle Dutch: drâyen
  - Dutch: draaien
  - Limburgish: drejje, dreie
Old High German: drāen
- Middle High German: dræjen, dræn
  - Bavarian: drahn
    - Cimbrian: dréenan
  - Central Franconian: driehe, drähe, drähne
    - Hunsrik: drehe
    - Luxembourgish: dréien, dréinen
  - German: drehen
  - Yiddish: דרייען (dreyen)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 151: “PWGmc *þrāan”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 151: “PWGmc *þrāan”