< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spuþþōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *sputtōną

Etymology

From *spuþþą, *spuþþaz (“mockery”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈspuθ.θɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spuþþōną[1]

  1. to mock, deride, ridicule

Inflection
Conjugation of *spuþþōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spuþþō*spuþþǭ—*spuþþōi ?
2nd singular *spuþþōsi*spuþþōs*spuþþō*spuþþōsai*spuþþōsau
3rd singular *spuþþōþi*spuþþō*spuþþōþau*spuþþōþai*spuþþōþau
1st dual *spuþþōs*spuþþōw———
2nd dual *spuþþōþiz*spuþþōþiz*spuþþōþiz——
1st plural *spuþþōmaz*spuþþōm—*spuþþōnþai*spuþþōnþau
2nd plural *spuþþōþ*spuþþōþ*spuþþōþ*spuþþōnþai*spuþþōnþau
3rd plural *spuþþōnþi*spuþþōn*spuþþōnþau*spuþþōnþai*spuþþōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spuþþōdǭ*spuþþōdēdį̄
2nd singular *spuþþōdēz*spuþþōdēdīz
3rd singular *spuþþōdē*spuþþōdēdī
1st dual *spuþþōdēdū*spuþþōdēdīw
2nd dual *spuþþōdēdudiz*spuþþōdēdīdiz
1st plural *spuþþōdēdum*spuþþōdēdīm
2nd plural *spuþþōdēdud*spuþþōdēdīd
3rd plural *spuþþōdēdun*spuþþōdēdīn
present past
participles *spuþþōndz*spuþþōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *spoþþōn, *spottōn
    • Old Frisian: spottia
      • West Frisian: spotte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)
    • Old Saxon: *spottōn
    • Old Dutch: *spotton
    • Old High German: spottōn
  • Old Norse: spotta

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*spuþþōjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 368
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