< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyH- (“to dwindle”) or possibly, Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwīnaną[1]

  1. to wither, to dwindle

Inflection
Conjugation of *kwīnaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwīnō*kwīnaų—*kwīnai ?
2nd singular *kwīnizi*kwīnaiz*kwīn*kwīnazai*kwīnaizau
3rd singular *kwīnidi*kwīnai*kwīnadau*kwīnadai*kwīnaidau
1st dual *kwīnōz*kwīnaiw———
2nd dual *kwīnadiz*kwīnaidiz*kwīnadiz——
1st plural *kwīnamaz*kwīnaim—*kwīnandai*kwīnaindau
2nd plural *kwīnid*kwīnaid*kwīnid*kwīnandai*kwīnaindau
3rd plural *kwīnandi*kwīnain*kwīnandau*kwīnandai*kwīnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwain*kwinį̄
2nd singular *kwaint*kwinīz
3rd singular *kwain*kwinī
1st dual *kwinū*kwinīw
2nd dual *kwinudiz*kwinīdiz
1st plural *kwinum*kwinīm
2nd plural *kwinud*kwinīd
3rd plural *kwinun*kwinīn
present past
participles *kwīnandz*kwinanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *kwīnan
    • Old English: *cwīnan
    • Old Frisian: *quīna
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: kwienje (alternatively borrowed from Low German)
      • ⇒ West Frisian: kwine, kwynje (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)
    • Old Saxon: *quīnan
      • Middle Low German: quînen
        • German Low German: quienen
    • Old Dutch: quīnan
    • Old High German: *quīnan
      • Middle High German: *quīnen
        • ⇒ Middle High German: verquīnen

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319
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