< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karzōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade formation closely related to to the strong verb *kerzaną and iterative verb *kurzōną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkur.zɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*karzōną[1]

  1. to creak (of birds)
  2. to grunt
  3. to murmur

Inflection
Conjugation of *karzōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *karzō*karzǭ—*karzōi ?
2nd singular *karzōsi*karzōs*karzō*karzōsai*karzōsau
3rd singular *karzōþi*karzō*karzōþau*karzōþai*karzōþau
1st dual *karzōs*karzōw———
2nd dual *karzōþiz*karzōþiz*karzōþiz——
1st plural *karzōmaz*karzōm—*karzōnþai*karzōnþau
2nd plural *karzōþ*karzōþ*karzōþ*karzōnþai*karzōnþau
3rd plural *karzōnþi*karzōn*karzōnþau*karzōnþai*karzōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *karzōdǭ*karzōdēdį̄
2nd singular *karzōdēz*karzōdēdīz
3rd singular *karzōdē*karzōdēdī
1st dual *karzōdēdū*karzōdēdīw
2nd dual *karzōdēdudiz*karzōdēdīdiz
1st plural *karzōdēdum*karzōdēdīm
2nd plural *karzōdēdud*karzōdēdīd
3rd plural *karzōdēdun*karzōdēdīn
present past
participles *karzōndz*karzōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *karʀōn
    • Old Saxon: karrōn
    • Old Dutch: *carron
      • Middle Dutch: carren, kerren (likely merged with the descendant of *kerzaną)
    • Old High German: karrōn
  • Old Norse: *karra

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kurzōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313: “*karzōn-”
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