< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwinhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *twenk- (“to squeeze, press, pressure”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈθwĩː.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þwinhaną[2]

  1. to constrain
  2. to force

Inflection
Conjugation of *þwinhaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwinhō*þwinhaų—*þwinhai ?
2nd singular *þwinhizi*þwinhaiz*þwinh*þwinhazai*þwinhaizau
3rd singular *þwinhidi*þwinhai*þwinhadau*þwinhadai*þwinhaidau
1st dual *þwinhōz*þwinhaiw———
2nd dual *þwinhadiz*þwinhaidiz*þwinhadiz——
1st plural *þwinhamaz*þwinhaim—*þwinhandai*þwinhaindau
2nd plural *þwinhid*þwinhaid*þwinhid*þwinhandai*þwinhaindau
3rd plural *þwinhandi*þwinhain*þwinhandau*þwinhandai*þwinhaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwanh*þwungį̄
2nd singular *þwanht*þwungīz
3rd singular *þwanh*þwungī
1st dual *þwungū*þwungīw
2nd dual *þwungudiz*þwungīdiz
1st plural *þwungum*þwungīm
2nd plural *þwungud*þwungīd
3rd plural *þwungun*þwungīn
present past
participles *þwinhandz*þwunganaz

Descendants

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*þwinganan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 431
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þwinhan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556
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