鑿

See also: 凿

鑿	U+947F, 鑿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-947F

← 鑾
[U+947E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

钀 →
[U+9480]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

鑿 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+19, 27 strokes, cangjie input 廿水金 (TEC), four-corner 3710₉, composition ⿱𣫞金)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1327, character 29

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41088

Dae Jaweon: page 1829, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4277, character 7

Unihan data for U+947F

Chinese

trad.		鑿
simp.		凿
alternative forms		丵𣫞𣪲䥣𨰒丵𣫞𣪲䥣𨰒𦦹𣫩𨖐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鑿	ʔsoːwɢ, zoːwɢ, zoːwɢ, zoːwɢ
糳	*ʔsoːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 ().

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): záo, zuò

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˊ, ㄗㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zok⁶, zok^6-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chho̍k
Eastern Min (BUC): chĕ̤k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chha̍k / cho̍k / cha̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): cag⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸zoq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: záo
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: záo
  - Wade–Giles: tsao²
  - Yale: dzáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaur
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
  - Wade–Giles: tso⁴
  - Yale: dzwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
  - Palladius: цзо (czo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zok⁶, zok^6-2
  - Yale: johk, jók
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzok⁹, dzok^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: zog⁶, zog^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːk̚²/, /t͡sɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/

Note: zok6-2 - chisel (n.).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: cog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰok̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chĕ̤k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰøyʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsha̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhak
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰak̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tso̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsa̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zak
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sak̚¹²¹/

Note:

chha̍k - vernacular (“to pierce; to criticize; feeling uncomfortable”);
cha̍k - vernacular (“to pierce (Zhangzhou”);
cho̍k - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsha̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰak̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁸zoq
  - MiniDict: zoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zoq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: dzak

Rime
Character	鑿
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	在各切
Baxter	dzak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zak̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zɑk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡zɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zok⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤawk/

(Zhengzhang): /*zoːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鑿	鑿
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	záo	záo
Middle Chinese	‹ dzak ›	‹ dzowk ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁawk/	/*[dz]ˁawk/
English	chisel	chisel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑿	鑿
Reading #	2/4	3/4
No.	18072	18073
Phonetic component	丵	丵
Rime group	藥	藥
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	昨	昨
Old Chinese	/*zoːwɢ/	/*zoːwɢ/

Definitions

鑿

chisel
to bore; to cut a hole; to chisel
鑿冰／凿冰 ― záo bīng ― to make a hole in the ice

把船鑿沉／把船凿沉 ― bǎ chuán záo chén ― to scuttle the ship
to dig
鑿井／凿井 ― záojǐng ― to dig a well

鑿靈渠／凿灵渠 ― záo Língqú ― to dig the Lingqu
(obsolete) tool for tattooing the face as punishment
(literary) to interpret in a strained manner
(obsolete) Used in 鑿行／凿行.
(obsolete) Used in 鑿空／凿空 (záokōng).
(obsolete) feeling; emotion
(literary or Beijing Mandarin) to beat forcefully
大清早兒的，誰在外面鑿門呢？ [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
大清早儿的，谁在外面凿门呢？ [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
Dà qīngzǎor de, shéi zài wàimian záo mén ne? [Pinyin]
Who is outside banging on the door in the early morning?
(Hokkien) to stab; to pierce
(Mainland China Hokkien) to criticize with pointed words; to poke holes in people's holes or secrets
(Taiwanese Hokkien) feeling uncomfortable (when worn, etc.)

Synonyms

(chisel):

Dialectal synonyms of 鑿子 (“chisel”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鑿
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鑿子
Mandarin	Beijing	鑿子
	Taiwan	鑿子
	Harbin	鑿子
	Yantai (Muping)	鑿子
	Jinan	鑿子
	Luoyang	鑿
	Wanrong	鑿子
	Xi'an	鑿子
	Yinchuan	鑿子
	Xining	鑿子
	Ürümqi	鑿子
	Wuhan	鑿子
	Chengdu	鑿子
	Guiyang	鑿子
	Liuzhou	鑿子
	Xuzhou	鑿子
	Yangzhou	鑿子
	Nanjing	鑿子
	Hefei	鑿子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鑿
	Hong Kong	鑿
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	鑿
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鑿仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	鑿仔
	Dongguan	鑿
	Yangjiang	鑿仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	鑿
Gan	Nanchang	鑿子
	Lichuan	鑿子, 鑿兒, 鑿仔
	Pingxiang	鑿子
Hakka	Meixian	鑿仔
	Yudu	鑿子
	Hong Kong	鑿仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	鑿仔
Huizhou	Jixi	鑿
Jin	Taiyuan	鑿子
Jin	Xinzhou	鑿子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鑿仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鑿鑿, 鑿, 鑿囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	鑿仔
	Quanzhou	鑿仔
	Zhangzhou	鑿仔
	Chaozhou	鑿囝
	Jieyang	鑿囝
	Bangkok (Teochew)	鑿
	Haikou	鑿
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鑿子, 鑿
Wu	Shanghai	鑿子, 鑿頭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	鑿子
	Suzhou	鑿子
	Danyang	鑿子
	Ningbo	鑿子
	Wenzhou	鑿
Xiang	Changsha	鑿子
	Loudi	鑿子
	Shuangfeng	鑿子

(to bore):

戮空 (Hokkien)
打孔 (dǎkǒng)
打洞 (dǎdòng)
打眼 (dǎyǎn)
打窿 (Cantonese)
拍空 (Hokkien)
穿孔 (chuānkǒng)
鑽／钻
鑽孔／钻孔 (zuānkǒng)

(to stab): 刺 (cì), 捅 (tǒng); (Hokkien) 𠡡 (cán)

Compounds

天真未鑿／天真未凿
妄生穿鑿／妄生穿凿
斧鑿／斧凿
斧鑿痕／斧凿痕
架謊鑿空／架谎凿空
栗鑿／栗凿 (lìzáo)
穿鑿／穿凿 (chuānzáo)
穿鑿附會／穿凿附会 (chuānzáofùhuì)
腦鑿子／脑凿子
鋼鑿／钢凿
鑿井／凿井 (záojǐng)
鑿坏
鑿壁偷光／凿壁偷光
鑿壁懸梁／凿壁悬梁
鑿子／凿子 (záozi)
鑿山破石／凿山破石
鑿渾沌／凿浑沌
鑿空／凿空 (záokōng)
鑿空指鹿／凿空指鹿
鑿竅／凿窍
鑿船蟲／凿船虫
鑿飲耕食／凿饮耕食
開鑿／开凿 (kāizáo)
顏闔鑿培／颜阖凿培

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鑿):

→ Vietnamese: tạc (鑿)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): záo, zào, zuò (zao², zao⁴, zuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˊ, ㄗㄠˋ, ㄗㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zok⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: záo
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: záo
  - Wade–Giles: tsao²
  - Yale: dzáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaur
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zào
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zào
  - Wade–Giles: tsao⁴
  - Yale: dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
  - Wade–Giles: tso⁴
  - Yale: dzwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
  - Palladius: цзо (czo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zok⁶
  - Yale: johk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zog⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːk̚²/

Definitions

鑿

hole; mortise
tunnel

Compounds

圓鑿方枘／圆凿方枘
圜鑿方枘／圜凿方枘
方枘圜鑿／方枘圜凿
方鑿圓枘／方凿圆枘
枘圓鑿方／枘圆凿方
枘鑿／枘凿
鑿圓枘方／凿圆枘方
鑿枘／凿枘
鑿枘不入／凿枘不入

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): záo, zuò

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˊ, ㄗㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zok⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: záo
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: záo
  - Wade–Giles: tsao²
  - Yale: dzáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaur
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
  - Wade–Giles: tso⁴
  - Yale: dzwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
  - Palladius: цзо (czo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zok⁶
  - Yale: johk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zog⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːk̚²/

Middle Chinese: tsak

Rime
Character	鑿
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	則落切
Baxter	tsak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sak̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sɑk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːwɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑿
Reading #	1/4
No.	18070
Phonetic component	丵
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	作
Old Chinese	/*ʔsoːwɢ/

Definitions

鑿

real; authentic; irrefutable
^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “to polish (rice)”)
^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “polished rice”)
Used in 鑿鑿／凿凿 (zuòzuò).

Compounds

人言鑿鑿／人言凿凿
炳炳鑿鑿／炳炳凿凿
確鑿／确凿 (quèzáo)
言之鑿鑿／言之凿凿 (yánzhīzáozáo)
鑿鑿／凿凿
鑿鑿有據／凿凿有据

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zú (zu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zú
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zú
  - Wade–Giles: tsu²
  - Yale: dzú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwu
  - Palladius: цзу (czu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzuwk

Rime
Character	鑿
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	昨木切
Baxter	dzuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəwk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zuk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡zuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zoːwɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑿
Reading #	4/4
No.	18074
Phonetic component	丵
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	族
Old Chinese	/*zoːwɢ/

Definitions

鑿

^† to carve
^† Alternative form of 鏃／镞 (“arrow”)

Japanese

Kanji

鑿

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): さく (saku); そう (sō)
Kun: のみ (nomi, 鑿); うがつ (ugatsu, 鑿つ)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鑿
のみ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 鑿 – see the following entry.

【のみ】	[noun] chisel used for wood

(This term, 鑿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

鑿 (eumhun 뚫을 착 (ttureul chak))

Hanja form^? of 착 (“to bore; to pierce”).

Compounds

굴착기 (掘鑿機, gulchakgi, “excavator”)
굴착 (掘鑿, gulchak, “excavation”)

Hanja

鑿 (eumhun 구멍 조 (gumeong jo))

(archaic) Hanja form^? of 조 (“hole”).

Compounds

(archaic) 방예원조 (方枘圓鑿, bang'yewonjo)

Vietnamese

Han character

鑿: Hán Nôm readings: tạc, toạc

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