諫

See also: 諌 and 谏

諫	U+8AEB, 諫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AEB

← 諪
[U+8AEA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諬 →
[U+8AEC]

Translingual

Traditional	諫
Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Simplified	谏

Han character

諫 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口木田火 (YRDWF), four-corner 0569₆, composition ⿰訁柬)

Derived characters

𫋨, 𠣂

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1170, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35724
Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3995, character 9
Unihan data for U+8AEB

Chinese

trad.		諫
simp.		谏
2nd round simp.		𫍝
alternative forms		諌／𮷅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諫
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ci; ⁵e

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaan³
  - Yale: gaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
  - Tâi-lô: kàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci; ⁵e
  - MiniDict: ci^去; e^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji; ²e
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/, /e³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaenH

Rime
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古晏切
Baxter	kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/kan^H/
Wang Li	/kan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤranʔ(-s)/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kaen^H ›
Old Chinese	/kˁranʔ(-s)/ (~ kˁranʔ)
English	admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
No.	6140
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	諫
Old Chinese	/*kraːns/

Definitions

諫

to remonstrate; to admonish

Compounds

主文譎諫／主文谲谏
兵諫／兵谏 (bīngjiàn)
切諫／切谏
勸諫／劝谏 (quànjiàn)
大諫／大谏
大諫章／大谏章
尸諫
幾諫／几谏
強諫／强谏
從諫如流／从谏如流
忠諫／忠谏
愎諫／愎谏
拒諫飾非／拒谏饰非
杜諫／杜谏
正言直諫／正言直谏
犯顏苦諫／犯颜苦谏
百諫圖／百谏图
直言極諫／直言极谏
直言正諫／直言正谏
直諫／直谏 (zhíjiàn)
筆諫／笔谏
箴諫／箴谏
納諫／纳谏
納諫如流／纳谏如流
苦諫／苦谏
規諫／规谏 (guījiàn)
諍諫／诤谏 (zhèngjiàn)
諫勸／谏劝
諫官／谏官
諫書／谏书
諫爭如流／谏争如流
諫而剖腹／谏而剖腹
諫臣／谏臣
諫草／谏草
諫言／谏言 (jiànyán)
諫訓／谏训 (jiànxùn)
諫諍／谏诤 (jiànzhèng)
諷諫／讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
諫議／谏议 (jiànyì)
諫議大夫／谏议大夫 (jiànyì dàfū)
諫逐客書／谏逐客书
諫過／谏过
諫阻／谏阻
諫院／谏院
諫章／谏章
諫鼓／谏鼓
譎諫／谲谏
進諫／进谏 (jìnjiàn)
飾非拒諫／饰非拒谏

References

“諫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Kyūjitai	諫

Kanji

諫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 諌)

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: いさめる (isameru, 諫める)
Nanori: いさむ (isamu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
諫
かん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 諫 (MC kaenH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

諫(かん) • (kan)

admonition

Affix

諫(かん) • (kan)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

諫 (eum 간 (gan))

Vietnamese

Han character

諫: Hán Nôm readings: gián

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN