肝

肝 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一十 (BMJ), four-corner 7124₀, composition ⿰月干(GJKV) or ⿰⺼干(HT))

• 𨧠

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29273
• Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2044, character 3
• Unihan data for U+809D

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn) – a body part.

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (“bitter; salty; bile; liver”), in which case it would be related to 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs, “bitter”); also compare Proto-Bodo-Garo *bi-ka (“liver”), whence Bodo (India) [script needed] (bi-ka, “liver”), Garo bika (“liver”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kal ~ *s-gal (“lower back; kidney”), whence Tibetan མཁལ་མ (mkhal ma, “kidney”), Mizo kal (“kidney”), Chepang गल् (“kidney”), Burmese ခါး (hka:, “waist”).

肝

1. liver (Classifier: 葉／叶; 個／个)

   我不吃肚也不吃肝。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Wǒ bù chī dǔ yě bù chī gān. [Pinyin]

   I don't eat tripe or liver.

   身體的大部分膽固醇是在肝和腸內由消化的食物製成的。 [MSC, trad.]
   身体的大部分胆固醇是在肝和肠内由消化的食物制成的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Shēntǐ de dàbùfēn dǎngùchún shì zài gān hé cháng nèi yóu xiāohuà de shíwù zhì chéng de. [Pinyin]

   Most of the body's cholesterol is made in the liver and intestine from digested food.

2. (figurative) mind; thoughts
3. (video games, neologism) to grind; to repeat a task day and night, which may exhaust the liver, in order to achieve a specific goal

   這遊戲很吸引人，但我實在肝不動了。它太肝了。 [MSC, trad.]
   这游戏很吸引人，但我实在肝不动了。它太肝了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè yóuxì hěn xīyǐn rén, dàn wǒ shízài gān bù dòng le. Tā tài gān le. [Pinyin]

   This game is attractive, but I really can't grind anymore. It's too grindy.

4. (video games, neologism) grindy

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

• Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: きも (kimo, 肝, Jōyō)

• 肝(かん)炎(えん) (kan'en)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kimo. Cognate with Okinawan 肝 (ちむ, chimu).

First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

• (Tokyo) きも​ [kìmóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
• IPA^(key): [kʲimo̞]

肝(きも) • (kimo) 

1. the liver
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:

     心腎肝脯 心人情也 腎音神 訓牟良斗 肝音干 訓岐毛

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. innards
3. (figuratively) important part

• Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

From Middle Chinese 肝 (MC kan).

• (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

肝(かん) • (kan) 

1. liver
2. (figuratively) essential thing; important thing
3. (figuratively) courage; spirit

肝(かん) • (kan) 

1. liver
2. (obsolete, figuratively) heart; spirit

From Middle Chinese 肝 (MC kan). Recorded as Middle Korean 간 (kan) (Yale: kan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

• (in 肝氣 and 肝腸):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [간]
• (liver):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [간(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource 肝 (eumhun 간 간 (gan gan))

1. Hanja form^? of 간 (“liver”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

• On (unclassified): かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: ちむ (chimu, 肝)

From Proto-Ryukyuan, from Proto-Japonic *kimo.

• (Tokyo) ちむ​ [chìmúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕimɯ̟ᵝ]

肝(ちむ) (chimu) 

1. the liver
2. heart; spirit

肝: Hán Nôm readings: can, gan

1. chữ Hán form of can (“liver”).
2. Nôm form of gan (“liver”).