poro
'Are'are
References
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Ainu
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pòꜛɾó/
Adjective
poro (Kana spelling ポロ)
Antonyms
Derived terms
- poronno (“many”)
Esperanto
Derived terms
Estonian
Noun
poro (genitive poro, partitive poro or porot)
- (uncommon) reindeer, particularily the Eurasian variety
- Synonyms: see põhjapõder
- (slang, derogatory) Finn
- Synonyms: see soomlane
Declension
| Declension of poro (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | poro | porod | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | poro | ||
| genitive | porode | ||
| partitive | poro | porosid | |
| illative | porro porosse |
porodesse | |
| inessive | poros | porodes | |
| elative | porost | porodest | |
| allative | porole | porodele | |
| adessive | porol | porodel | |
| ablative | porolt | porodelt | |
| translative | poroks | porodeks | |
| terminative | poroni | porodeni | |
| essive | porona | porodena | |
| abessive | porota | porodeta | |
| comitative | poroga | porodega | |
| Declension of poro (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | poro | porod | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | poro | ||
| genitive | porode | ||
| partitive | porot | porosid | |
| illative | porro porosse |
porodesse | |
| inessive | poros | porodes | |
| elative | porost | porodest | |
| allative | porole | porodele | |
| adessive | porol | porodel | |
| ablative | porolt | porodelt | |
| translative | poroks | porodeks | |
| terminative | poroni | porodeni | |
| essive | porona | porodena | |
| abessive | porota | porodeta | |
| comitative | poroga | porodega | |
Compounds
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈpo̞ro̞]
- Rhymes: -oro
- Syllabification(key): po‧ro
Etymology 1
In some way from Proto-Finno-Permic *počaw, probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *páću, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“cattle”). The regular inherited form would have been in **poto < Proto-Finnic **poto. Koivulehto (2007) suggests that r in place of expected t has developed by generalization from an old Northwestern dialect form *podoi, and the word was later loaned back to the more southern and eastern dialects.[1] Kuokkala (2018) instead posits that the Finnic words could be borrowed from Samic, where the -r- would substitute for the affricate in the Sami etymon.[2]
Noun
poro
- reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus); a semi-domesticated subspecies of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
- Hypernyms: peura (“caribou, (wild) reindeer”), hirvieläin (“deer”, animal of the family Cervidae)
- Hyponyms: karibu (“North American caribou”), hirvas (“reindeer stag”), vaadin (“reindeer doe”), vasa (“reindeer fawn”)
- Coordinate terms: (wild deer) metsäpeura (“Finnish forest reindeer”), tunturipeura (“mountain reindeer”)
Usage notes
Declension
| Inflection of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | poro | porot | ||
| genitive | poron | porojen | ||
| partitive | poroa | poroja | ||
| illative | poroon | poroihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | poro | porot | ||
| accusative | nom. | poro | porot | |
| gen. | poron | |||
| genitive | poron | porojen | ||
| partitive | poroa | poroja | ||
| inessive | porossa | poroissa | ||
| elative | porosta | poroista | ||
| illative | poroon | poroihin | ||
| adessive | porolla | poroilla | ||
| ablative | porolta | poroilta | ||
| allative | porolle | poroille | ||
| essive | porona | poroina | ||
| translative | poroksi | poroiksi | ||
| abessive | porotta | poroitta | ||
| instructive | — | poroin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ajoporo
- kilpaporo
- kytkyporo
- lukuporo
- merkkiporo
- pitoporo
- poroaita
- poroaitaus
- poroajot
- poroelo
- poroerotus
- porohirvas
- porohärkä
- poroisäntä
- porokanta
- porokarja
- porokiiliäinen
- porokoira
- porokolari
- porokuninkuusajo
- porolappalainen
- porolauma
- poromerkki
- poromies
- poronhoito
- poronhoitoalue
- poronhoitopiiri
- poronjuusto
- poronjäkälä
- poronkieli
- poronkusema
- poronkäristys
- poronliha
- poronluu
- poronomistaja
- poronpaisti
- poronsarvi
- poronvaljaat
- poropaimen
- poropaliskunta
- Poropudas
- pororaito
- pororeki
- porosaamelainen
- porosuoja
- porotalous
- porotila
- porotokka
- porovahinko
- porovaljakko
- savuporo
- takkaporo
- teurasporo
- tunturiporo
- vetoporo
Descendants
- → Estonian: poro
Further reading
- “1. poro”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *poro (compare Ingrian poro, Karelian poro, Ludian poro, Veps poro, Votic poro).
Noun
poro
Declension
| Inflection of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | poro | porot | ||
| genitive | poron | porojen | ||
| partitive | poroa | poroja | ||
| illative | poroon | poroihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | poro | porot | ||
| accusative | nom. | poro | porot | |
| gen. | poron | |||
| genitive | poron | porojen | ||
| partitive | poroa | poroja | ||
| inessive | porossa | poroissa | ||
| elative | porosta | poroista | ||
| illative | poroon | poroihin | ||
| adessive | porolla | poroilla | ||
| ablative | porolta | poroilta | ||
| allative | porolle | poroille | ||
| essive | porona | poroina | ||
| translative | poroksi | poroiksi | ||
| abessive | porotta | poroitta | ||
| instructive | — | poroin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
- “2. poro”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
References
- Koivulehto, Jorma. 2007. "Saamen ja suomen 'poro'" ('"Reindeer" in Sami and Finnish').
- Kuokkala, Juha 2018: Finnic-Saamic labial vowels in non-initial syllables: An etymological evaluation
Galician
Etymology
Attested since 1409. From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpɔɾʊ]
Noun
poro m (plural poros)
- pore (a tiny opening in the skin)
- pore (any small opening)
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 151:
- et esto asy posto amansa a door et abre os poros et faz as huñas humidas para se tallaren mellor
- and this, put like that, tames the pain and opens the pores and makes the hoof moist so it can be cut easily
Related terms
References
- “poros” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “poro” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “poro” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “poro” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Further reading
- “poro” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Ilocano
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈpo̞ro̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈpo̞ro̞]
- Rhymes: -oro
- Hyphenation: po‧ro
Declension
| Declension of poro (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | poro | porot |
| genitive | poron | porroin, poroloin |
| partitive | porroa | poroja, poroloja |
| illative | porroo | porroi, poroloihe |
| inessive | poros | porois, porolois |
| elative | porost | poroist, poroloist |
| allative | porolle | poroille, poroloille |
| adessive | porol | poroil, poroloil |
| ablative | porolt | poroilt, poroloilt |
| translative | poroks | poroiks, poroloiks |
| essive | poronna, porroon | poroinna, poroloinna, porroin, poroloin |
| exessive1) | poront | poroint, poroloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 424
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔ.ro/
- Rhymes: -ɔro
- Hyphenation: pò‧ro
Etymology 1
From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
Clipping of povero.
Adjective
poro (feminine pora, masculine plural pori, feminine plural pore)
- (dialectal) Alternative form of povero
Related terms
Further reading
- poro in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Nyishi
Etymology
From Proto-Tani *rok, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-rak.
Polabian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *bàra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔˈrɔ/
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
References
- Polański, Kazimierz (1976) “poro”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), numbers 4 (perĕt – ŕotťǝ), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 550
- Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “poro”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 113
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔ.rɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔrɔ
- Syllabification: po‧ro
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔ.ɾu/
- Hyphenation: po‧ro
Further reading
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpoɾo/ [ˈpo.ɾo]
- Rhymes: -oɾo
- Syllabification: po‧ro
Further reading
- “poro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Toba Batak
Etymology
From Proto-Batak *pərəh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəʀəq.
References
- Warneck, J. (1906). Tobabataksch-Deutsches Wörterbuch. Batavia: Landesdrukkerij, p. 154.
Venetian
Alternative forms
- poaro, povaro, pore
Etymology
From Latin pauper, pauperem. Compare Italian povero.
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *poro. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈporo]
- Rhymes: -oro
- Hyphenation: po‧ro
Inflection
| Declension of poro (type II/võrkko, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | poro | porod |
| genitive | poro | porojõ, poroi |
| partitive | porroa | poroitõ, poroi |
| illative | porrosõ, porro | poroisõ |
| inessive | poroz | poroiz |
| elative | porossõ | poroissõ |
| allative | porolõ | poroilõ |
| adessive | porollõ | poroillõ |
| ablative | poroltõ | poroiltõ |
| translative | porossi | poroissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “poro”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn