cukurs

Borrowed from German Zucker, first attested in Latvian in the 17th century as sukurs, apparently via Livonian sukker. The form cukurs, with the initial s “corrected” to c [ts], occurs only later, in the 19th century. The German word is itself a borrowing from Italian zucchero, also borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar,” originally “grit, gravel”).[1] Doublet of krokodils.

• IPA^(key): [tsukuɾs]

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cukurs m (1st declension)

1. (only singular) sugar (white, crystalline powder used to sweeten drinks and foods)

   biešu cukurs ― beet sugar

   niedru cukurs ― cane sugar

   smalkais cukurs ― granulated (lit. fine) sugar

   cukura graudiņi ― sugar cubes

   cukura sīrups ― sugar syrup

   dzert tēju ar cukuru ― to drink tea with sugar

   mēs arvien dzērām tik saldu kafiju, ka cukurs vēl palika neizkusis krūzītes dibenā ― we always drank coffee so sweet, the sugar remained undissolved at the bottom of the cup

2. (singular or plural) sugar (organic substance of the carbohydrate group)

   dabiskie cukuri ― natural sugars

   vienkāršie cukuri (monosaharīdi) ― simple sugars (monosaccharides)

   piena cukurs (laktoze) ― milk sugar (lactose)

   augļu cukurs (fruktoze) ― fruit sugar (fructose)

   vīnogu cukurs (glikoze) ― grape sugar (glucose)

   cukuri labi šķīst ūdenī, un līdz ar to tie ātri izsūcas caur gremošanas orgānu sieniņām, ātri nokļūst asinīs un ātri var tikt izmantoti organismā ― sugars dissolve well in water; consequently, they are quickly absorbed through the walls of the digestive organs, quickly enter the blood(stream) and can quickly be used in the organism

• → Livonian: tsukkõr