< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/klunnjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

A zero-grade intensive verb related to the strong verb *klinnan (“to sound”).

Verb

*klunnjan

  1. to sound
  2. to knock

Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *klunnjan
1st sg. past *klunidā
Infinitive *klunnjan
Genitive infin. *klunnjannjas
Dative infin. *klunnjannjē
Instrum. infin. *klunnjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *klunnju *klunidā
2nd singular *klunisi *klunidēs, *klunidōs
3rd singular *kluniþi *klunidē, *klunidā
1st plural *klunnjum *klunidum
2nd plural *kluniþ *klunidud
3rd plural *klunnjanþ *klunidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *klunnjē *klunidī
2nd singular *klunnjēs *klunidī
3rd singular *klunnjē *klunidī
1st plural *klunnjēm *klunidīm
2nd plural *klunnjēþ *klunidīd
3rd plural *klunnjēn *klunidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *kluni
Plural *kluniþ
Present Past
Participle *klunnjandī *klunid

Descendants
  • Old English: clynnan, clynian, clynan
  • Old Saxon: *klunnian, *klunian
    • Middle Low German: *klunen, klunden, *klünen, *klōnen, *klȫnen
  • Old Dutch: *klunnen, *klunen
    • Middle Dutch: kluenen, klōnen
      • Dutch: kleunen

References
  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*klunjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 294
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