< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *karilaz.

Noun

*karil n

  1. (feudalism) free peasant, churl

Inflection
Masculine a-stem
Singular
Nominative *karil
Genitive *karilas
Singular Plural
Nominative *karil *karilō, *karilōs
Accusative *karil *karilā
Genitive *karilas *karilō
Dative *karilē *karilum
Instrumental *karilu *karilum

Alternative reconstructions
  • *karul, *karl

Descendants
  • Old English: ċeorl, ċiorl
    • Middle English: cherl, cheorl, churl
      • English: churl
      • Scots: churl
      • Yola: chourle
  • Old Frisian: tzerl, tzirl
    • North Frisian: keerl
    • West Frisian: tsjirl, tsjerl
  • Old Saxon: *keril
    • Middle Low German: kerl, kerle
      • Dutch Low Saxon: (Gronings, Achterhoeks) keerl, (Twents, Achterhoeks) kearl
      • German Low German: Kerel, Keerl
      • Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Kǟrl
        Suerländer-Märkisch: Kærl, Kæl, Kêrl
        Westmünsterländisch: Käärl, Kerl, Kiärl
      • → German: Kerl
      • → Saterland Frisian: Käärel
  • Old Dutch: *keril, *karal, karl
    • Middle Dutch: carel, caerl, kerl, kerel
    • Limburgish: kaerel
  • Old High German: *keril, karal, karl
    • Middle High German: karl, karle, kërl, kërle
    • ⇒ Old High German: Karl (given name)
      • German: Karl, Carl
        • → English: Karl, Carl (see there for further descendants)
      • → Latin: Carolus (see there for further descendants)
  • → Proto-Slavic: *korľь (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache. ten Doornkaat Koolman, J. 1879. 199th page.
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