Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlahhjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.

Verb

*hlahhjan[1]

to laugh

Inflection

Strong class 6 j-present
Infinitive	*hlahhjan
1st sg. past	*hlōh
3rd pl. past	*hlōgun
Past ptcple	*hlagan
Infinitive	*hlahhjan
Genitive infin.	*hlahhjannjas
Dative infin.	*hlahhjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*hlahhjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hlahhju	*hlōh
2nd singular	*hlahiʀi	*hlōgī
3rd singular	*hlahidi	*hlōh
1st plural	*hlahhjum	*hlōgum
2nd plural	*hlahid	*hlōgud
3rd plural	*hlahhjand	*hlōgun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hlahhjē	*hlōgī
2nd singular	*hlahhjēs	*hlōgī
3rd singular	*hlahhjē	*hlōgī
1st plural	*hlahhjēm	*hlōgīm
2nd plural	*hlahhjēþ	*hlōgīd
3rd plural	*hlahhjēn	*hlōgīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hlahi
Plural	*hlahid
	Present	Past
Participle	*hlahhjandī	*hlagan

Related terms

*hlahtr

Descendants

Old English: hliehhan, hlihan; hlihhan, hlehhan, hlæhan, hlihan, hlichan, hlihgan, hlyhhan
- Middle English: laughen
  - English: laugh
  - Scots: lauch
  - Yola: leeigh, leigh
Old Saxon: hlahhian, hlahan
- Middle Low German: lachen
  - Low German: lachen
  - Plautdietsch: lachen
Old Dutch: *lahhen, *lahhan
- Middle Dutch: lachen
  - Dutch: lachen
    - Afrikaans: lag
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: laki
    - Javindo: lach, lag, lah
    - Negerhollands: lach, lak
    - Petjo: lahen
  - Limburgish: lache
Old High German: hlahhan, hlahhēn
- Middle High German: lachen
  - Alemannic German: lache
  - Cimbrian: lachan
  - German: lachen
  - Luxembourgish: laachen
  - Yiddish: לאַכן (lakhn)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[hlahʲhʲan]”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[hlahʲhʲan]”