Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijōndz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Present participle of *frijōną, equivalent to *frijōną +‎ *-ndz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸri.jɔːndz/

Noun

*frijōndz m

friend, loved one
Synonym: *winiz

Antonym: *fijandz

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *frijōndz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*frijōndz	*frijōndiz
vocative	*frijōnd	*frijōndiz
accusative	*frijōndų	*frijōndunz
genitive	*frijōndiz	*frijōndǫ̂
dative	*frijōndi	*frijōndumaz
instrumental	*frijōndē	*frijōndumiz

Derived terms

*frijōndlīkaz

Related terms

*frijōniz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *friund
- Old English: frēond, frīond
  - Middle English: frend, frende, freond, friend, vrend, freend, frond, frund, freind, freynde, vryend, frind
    - English: friend (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind
    - Yola: vriene, friend
    - → Welsh: ffrind
- Old Frisian: friūnd, friōnd
  - Saterland Frisian: Früünd, Fjund
  - West Frisian: freon
- Old Saxon: friund
  - Middle Low German: vrint, vrünt, vrent
    - German Low German: Fründ, Frund, Frönd
    - Plautdietsch: Frint
    - → Old Swedish: frynt, frynd
      - Swedish: frynt (obsolete)
- Old Dutch: friund, friunt
  - Middle Dutch: vrient
    - Dutch: vriend, vrind
      - Afrikaans: vriend
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: frindi
      - Javindo: friend
      - Jersey Dutch: vrînt
      - Negerhollands: vriend, vrient
      - Petjo: pring (archaic)
    - Limburgish: vröndj
- Old High German: friunt
  - Middle High German: vriunt
    - Alemannic German: Fründ
    - Cimbrian: vròint, bròint
    - Central Franconian: Frönd, Frend, Frind, Frönk, Fründ
      Hunsrik: Freind, froynt
      Luxembourgish: Frënd
    - German: Freund
    - Vilamovian: frajnd
    - Yiddish: פֿרײַנד (fraynd)
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: fríandi, frjándi, frændi
  - Icelandic: frændi
  - Faroese: frændi
  - Norn: frend
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: frende
  - Old Swedish: frænde
    - Swedish: frände
  - Danish: frænde
    - Norwegian Bokmål: frende
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (frijōnds)

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