< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rauha

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

Unclear. Similarity to Germanic words has been noted (compare German Ruhe, Swedish ro, Proto-Germanic *rōō, all of the same meaning) and Schalin (2019) proposes borrowing from Northwest Proto-Germanic *rāwō or Proto-Norse [script needed] (*rāwu) (whence Middle Low German rāwe (“peace, tranquility”), Old High German rāwa) with a substitution Germanic *VwV → Finnic *VuhV (with a similar substitution probably also in *lauha)[1].

Noun

*rauha[2]

  1. peace, tranquility

Inflection
Inflection of *rauha
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *rauha *rauhat
accusative *rauhan *rauhat
genitive *rauhan *rauhadën
*rauhëidën
partitive *rauhada *rauhëida
inessive *rauhassa
*rauhahna		 *rauhëissa
*rauhëihna
elative *rauhasta *rauhëista
illative *rauhahën *rauhëihën
adessive *rauhalla *rauhëilla
ablative *rauhalta *rauhëilta
allative *rauhalën
*rauhalëk		 *rauhëilën
*rauhëilëk
essive *rauhana *rauhëina
translative *rauhaksi *rauhëiksi
instructive *rauhan *rauhëin
comitative *rauhanëk *rauhëinëk
abessive *rauhatta *rauhëitta

Derived terms
  • *rauhat'oin

Descendants
  • Estonian: rahu
  • Finnish: rauha
  • Ingrian: rauha
  • Karelian:
  • Livvi: rauhu
  • Võro: rahu, (Seto) rauh
  • → Southern Sami: raeffie
  • → Ume Sami: [Term?] (raahfee)
  • → Pite Sami: ráffe
  • → Lule Sami: ráfe
  • → Northern Sami: ráfi
  • → Skolt Sami: rääuh

Etymology 2

From earlier *rawša, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrausā, *hrauzā (whence Old Norse hrœrar). Cognate with Proto-Samic *ruovsē.

Noun

*rauha[3]

  1. gland
  2. swelling

Inflection
Inflection of *rauha
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *rauha *rauhat
accusative *rauhan *rauhat
genitive *rauhan *rauhadën
*rauhëidën
partitive *rauhada *rauhëida
inessive *rauhassa
*rauhahna		 *rauhëissa
*rauhëihna
elative *rauhasta *rauhëista
illative *rauhahën *rauhëihën
adessive *rauhalla *rauhëilla
ablative *rauhalta *rauhëilta
allative *rauhalën
*rauhalëk		 *rauhëilën
*rauhëilëk
essive *rauhana *rauhëina
translative *rauhaksi *rauhëiksi
instructive *rauhan *rauhëin
comitative *rauhanëk *rauhëinëk
abessive *rauhatta *rauhëitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: rahu
  • Finnish: (dialectal) rauha, ⇒ rauhanen
  • Ingrian: rauha
  • Karelian:
    • South Karelian: rauhna
  • Livonian: ⇒ ro’ugõz
  • Livvi: rauhnu
  • Ludian: raunaz
  • Veps: rauh
  • Võro: rauh
  • Votic: ravvu
  • → Proto-Samic: *rāvsā (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Schalin, Johan: 2019 Niukka, nivo, nuiva sekä niuha, lauha ja rauha. In S. Junttila & J Kuokkala (eds.) Petri Kallio rocks : Liber semisaecularis 7.2.2019 p. 173–183. Kallion etymologiseura.
  2. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*rauha²”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)
  3. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*rauha¹”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)
  • Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

Further reading
  • “rahu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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