< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hijodak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *šija-w-. Related to Proto-Samic *sëjētēk.

Verb

*hijodak (stem *hijo-)

  1. to grind, to hone, to whet

Inflection
Inflection of *hijodak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
present past imperative optative
1st sing. *hijon *hijoin — *hijogon
2nd sing. *hijot *hijoit *hijok *hijogos
3rd sing. *hijobi
*hijo		 *hijoi *hijogasën *hijogosën
1st plur. *hijokmëk
*hijokmak		 *hijoimëk
*hijoimak		 *hijogatëmëk
*hijogatamak		 *hijogotëmëk
*hijogotamak
2nd plur. *hijoktëk
*hijoktak		 *hijoidëk
*hijoidak		 *hijogatë
*hijogata		 *hijogot'ëk
*hijogotadak
3rd plur. *hijobat
*hijo		 *hijoi *hijogasën *hijogosën
passive *hijoksën
*hijot'aksën		 *hijodisën
*hijottisën		 *hijodakahën
*hijottakahën		 *hijodakohën
*hijottakohën
connegative *hijok — *hijogak *hijogok
passive connegative *hijoktak — *hijodagak
*hijottagak		 *hijodagok
*hijottagok
conditional 1 conditional 2 potential
1st sing. *hijokcin *hijoicin *hijonën
2nd sing. *hijokcit *hijoicit *hijonët
3rd sing. *hijokci *hijoici *hijoni
1st plur. *hijokcimëk
*hijokcimak		 *hijoicimëk
*hijoicimak		 *hijonëmëk
*hijonëmak
2nd plur. *hijokcidëk
*hijokcidak		 *hijoicidëk
*hijoicidak		 *hijonëdëk
*hijonëdak
3rd plur. *hijokci *hijoici *hijoni
passive *hijodakcihën
*hijot'akcihën		 *hijodicihën
*hijotticihën		 *hijodanëhën
*hijottanëhën
connegative *hijokcik *hijoicik *hijonëk
passive connegative *hijodakcik
*hijot'akcik		 *hijodicik
*hijotticik		 *hijodanëk
*hijottanëk
non-finite forms infinitives/nouns participles
active passive
infinitive 1 *hijodak present *hijoba *hijodapa
*hijottapa
infinitive 2 *hijodë- past *hijonut *hijodu
*hijottu
gerund/supine *hijoma
action noun *hijominen

Descendants
  • Estonian: ihuma/ihuda
  • Finnish: hioa, (dialectal) hijoa, hivoa
  • Karelian: hivuo
  • Livonian: jõ’vvõ
  • Livvi: hivuo
  • Ludian: hivoda
  • Veps: hijoda
  • Võro: higoma/hikoq
  • Votic: (Pummala) ihoa

Further reading
  • “ihuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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