ꜣzḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːzaχ/ → /ˈʀaːsaχ/ → /ˈʔaːsəχ/ → /ˈʔoːsəχ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑzɛx/
- Conventional anglicization: azekh

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to harvest or reap grain with a sickle
- reign of Nyuserre, c. 2400 BCE, Tomb of Urarna, west wall (south of the entrance), fourth register, captions above two pairs of reapers:[1]
  
  ꜣzḫ jn ḥmw-nswt ꜣzḫ jn jzwt nḏs
  Reaping by the servants of the king. Reaping by the small work-gang.
(transitive) to harvest or reap with a sickle

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣzḫ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣzḫ, geminated stem: ꜣzḫḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫw, ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫt	ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣzḫ	ḥr ꜣzḫ	m ꜣzḫ	r ꜣzḫ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣzḫ.n	ꜣzḫw, ꜣzḫ	consecutive	ꜣzḫ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ꜣzḫ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ꜣzḫt
perfective³	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣzḫ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣzḫ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫḫ	potentialis¹	ꜣzḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣzḫ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫw⁵, ꜣzḫy⁵
imperfective	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫy, ꜣzḫw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫj⁶, ꜣzḫy⁶	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫw⁵
prospective	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫtj⁷	—	ꜣzḫtj⁴, ꜣzḫt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣzḫ

ꜣzḫ

jsḫw

ꜣzḫ

ꜣsḫ

ꜣzḫ

[Old Kingdom]

[Coffin Texts]

[New Kingdom]

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲥⳉ (ōsx)
Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲥϧ (ōsx)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϩⲥ (ōhs)

Noun

m

harvest, yield, what has been reaped

Inflection

Declension of ꜣzḫ (masculine)

singular	ꜣzḫ
dual	ꜣzḫwj
plural	ꜣzḫw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣzḫ

ꜣzḫ

[Old Kingdom]

[Greco-Roman Period]

Noun

m

sickle [20th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of ꜣzḫ (masculine)

singular	ꜣzḫ
dual	ꜣzḫwj
plural	ꜣzḫw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣzḫ

jsḫ

ꜣsḫ

References

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 19.15–19.18
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 5–6
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 275.

Davies, N. de G. (1901) The Rock Tombs of Sheikh Saïd, plate 16

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[1] Davies, N. de G. (1901) The Rock Tombs of Sheikh Saïd, plate 16