飛ぶ

Japanese

Etymology
Kanji in this term
飛
と
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
跳ぶ
翔ぶ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *tənpu. Cognate with Okinawan 飛ぶん (tubun).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "飛ぶ"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 飛ぶ とぶ [tòbú]
Imperative (命令形) 飛べ とべ [tòbé]
Key constructions
Passive 飛ばれる とばれる [tòbárérú]
Causative 飛ばせる とばせる [tòbásérú]
Potential 飛べる とべる [tòbérú]
Volitional 飛ぼう とぼ​ー [tòbóꜜò]
Negative 飛ばない とばない [tòbánáí]
Negative perfective 飛ばなかった とばな​かった [tòbánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 飛びます とびま​す [tòbímáꜜsù]
Perfective 飛んだ とんだ [tòńdá]
Conjunctive 飛んで とんで [tòńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 飛べば とべ​ば [tòbéꜜbà]

Verb

飛(と)ぶ • (tobu) intransitive godan (stem 飛(と)び (tobi), past 飛(と)んだ (tonda))

  1. to fly
  2. 跳ぶ: to jump
  3. to go quickly
  4. to splash, splatter

Usage notes

This spelling of tobu usually denotes flying rather than jumping, as opposed to 跳ぶ which is reserved for the latter.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "飛ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 飛ば とば toba
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 飛び とび tobi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 飛ぶ とぶ tobu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 飛ぶ とぶ tobu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 飛べ とべ tobe
Meireikei ("imperative") 飛べ とべ tobe
Key constructions
Passive 飛ばれる とばれる tobareru
Causative 飛ばせる
飛ばす		 とばせる
とばす		 tobaseru
tobasu
Potential 飛べる とべる toberu
Volitional 飛ぼう とぼう tobō
Negative 飛ばない とばない tobanai
Negative continuative 飛ばず とばず tobazu
Formal 飛びます とびます tobimasu
Perfective 飛んだ とんだ tonda
Conjunctive 飛んで とんで tonde
Hypothetical conditional 飛べば とべば tobeba
Classical conjugation of "飛ぶ" (バ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 飛ばとばtoba
Continuative (連用形) 飛びとびtobi
Terminal (終止形) 飛ぶとぶtobu
Attributive (連体形) 飛ぶとぶtobu
Realis (已然形) 飛べとべtobe
Imperative (命令形) 飛べとべtobe
Key constructions
Negative 飛ばずとばずtobazu
Contrasting conjunction 飛べどとべどtobedo
Causal conjunction 飛べばとべばtobeba
Conditional conjunction 飛ばばとばばtobaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 飛びきとびきtobiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 飛びけりとびけりtobikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 飛びつとびつtobitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 飛びぬとびぬtobinu
Perfect-continuative tense 飛べり
飛びたり		とべり
とびたり		toberi
tobitari
Volitional 飛ばむとばむtobamu

Derived terms

References
  1. “飛・跳”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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