邂逅

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (邂逅)	邂	逅
simp. ^#(邂逅)	邂	逅
alternative forms	邂遘邂覯解遘解詬解覯邂遘邂覯解遘解詬解覯解構解果解搆解垢解后蟹螺蟹堁薢茩㙰堁迦逅䜁詬謑詬喫詬雞堁

Etymology

Possibly an expression reduplication in Old Chinese (Baxter and Sagart, 1998). The original meaning may be “meet; interact” or “carefree”.

Schuessler considers this a derivative of 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to loosen”) and 懈 (OC *kreːs, “lazy, remiss”), citing the sense of “carefree and happy” in Shijing. Numerous variant forms are found throughout history.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xièhòu, xiègòu

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄡˋ, ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haai⁵ hau⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): hâi-hâiu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hāi-hō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): hai⁶ hou⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gha-gheu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xièhòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sièhòu
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴-hou⁴
  - Yale: syè-hòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiehhow
  - Palladius: сехоу (sexou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiègòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siègòu
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴-kou⁴
  - Yale: syè-gòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiehgow
  - Palladius: сегоу (segou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ koʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haai⁵ hau⁶
  - Yale: háaih hauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haai⁵ hau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hai⁵ heo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːi̯¹³ hɐu̯²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hâi-hâiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ɑu²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi-hō͘
  - Tâi-lô: hāi-hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haixho
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai³³⁻²¹ hɔ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hai³³⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hai⁶ hou⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăi hŏu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai³⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gha-gheu
  - MiniDict: gha^去 gheu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hha-hheu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦa²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: heaH huwH

Rime
Character	邂	逅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	胡懈切	胡遘切
Baxter	heaH	huwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛ^H/	/ɦəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæ^H/	/ɦəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣæi^H/	/ɣəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨj^H/	/ɦəw^H/
Li Rong	/ɣɛ^H/	/ɣu^H/
Wang Li	/ɣai^H/	/ɣəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣai^H/	/ɣə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xià	hòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai⁶	hau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤre-s [ɡ]ˤro-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːs ɡoːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	邂	逅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiè	hòu
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛ^H ›	‹ huw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁre-s/	/*[ɡ]ˁro-s/
English	邂逅 xièhòu carefree ((Odes 94.1– 2, 118.2)	邂逅 xièhòu carefree (Odes 94.1– 2, 118.2)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	邂	逅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6487	5171
Phonetic component	解	后
Rime group	支	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	邂	𠋫
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːs/	/*ɡoːs/

Verb

邂逅

to run into somebody by chance (usually pleasantly); to encounter coincidentally
等車的他邂逅了一名女孩。 [MSC, trad.]
等车的他邂逅了一名女孩。 [MSC, simp.]
Děng chē de tā xièhòu le yī míng nǚhái. [Pinyin]
He encountered a girl while waiting for a bus.

如一場美麗的邂逅 [MSC, trad.]
如一场美丽的邂逅 [MSC, simp.]
rú yī chǎng měilì de xièhòu [Pinyin]
as if a beautiful chance encounter
- 邂逅相遇，適我願兮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  邂逅相遇，适我愿兮。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Xièhòu xiāngyù, shì wǒ yuàn xī. [Pinyin]
  We met together accidentally, and so my desire was satisfied.

Derived terms

邂逅之緣／邂逅之缘
邂逅相逢
邂逅相遇

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (邂逅):

→ Japanese: 邂逅(かいこう) (kaikō)
→ Korean: 해후(邂逅) (haehu)

Adjective

邂逅

(literary) joyous and carefree
(literary) accidental; coincidental; adventitious

Derived terms

邂逅不偶

Japanese

Kanji in this term
邂	逅
かい Hyōgaiji	こう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かいこー [kàíkóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠iko̞ː]

Noun

邂(かい)逅(こう) • (kaikō)

chance encounter

Verb

邂(かい)逅(こう)する • (kaikō suru) intransitive suru (stem 邂(かい)逅(こう)し (kaikō shi), past 邂(かい)逅(こう)した (kaikō shita))

meet by chance
- 1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
  その後(ご)吾(わが)輩(はい)は度々黒(たびたびくろ)と邂逅(かいこう)する。
  Sono go wagahai wa tabitabi kuro to kaikō suru.
  After that, I bumped into the black cat from time to time.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "邂逅する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	邂逅し	かいこうし	kaikō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	邂逅し	かいこうし	kaikō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	邂逅する	かいこうする	kaikō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	邂逅する	かいこうする	kaikō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	邂逅すれ	かいこうすれ	kaikō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	邂逅せよ¹ 邂逅しろ²	かいこうせよ¹ かいこうしろ²	kaikō seyo¹ kaikō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	邂逅される	かいこうされる	kaikō sareru
Causative	邂逅させる邂逅さす	かいこうさせるかいこうさす	kaikō saseru kaikō sasu
Potential	邂逅できる	かいこうできる	kaikō dekiru
Volitional	邂逅しよう	かいこうしよう	kaikō shiyō
Negative	邂逅しない	かいこうしない	kaikō shinai
Negative continuative	邂逅せず	かいこうせず	kaikō sezu
Formal	邂逅します	かいこうします	kaikō shimasu
Perfective	邂逅した	かいこうした	kaikō shita
Conjunctive	邂逅して	かいこうして	kaikō shite
Hypothetical conditional	邂逅すれば	かいこうすれば	kaikō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN