惶惶

Chinese

		frightened	frightened
simp. and trad. (惶惶)		惶	惶
alternative forms		皇皇遑遑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huánghuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wong⁴ wong⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hông-hông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huánghuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huánghuáng
  - Wade–Giles: huang²-huang²
  - Yale: hwáng-hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwanghwang
  - Palladius: хуанхуан (xuanxuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wong⁴ wong⁴
  - Yale: wòhng wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wong⁴ wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wong⁴ wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông-hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: honghoong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: hwang hwang

Rime
Character	惶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡光切
Baxter	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong⁴

Adjective

惶惶

(literary, ideophonic) agitated; anxious; uneasy; terrified; upset
(literary, ideophonic) hurried; hasty; rushed

Synonyms

(agitated): 惶惑 (huánghuò), (literary) 惶遽 (huángjù)

Derived terms

人心惶惶 (rénxīnhuánghuáng)
凄淒惶惶
恓恓惶惶
悽悽惶惶／凄凄惶惶
惶惶不可終日／惶惶不可终日 (huánghuángbùkězhōngrì)
惶惶不安 (huánghuángbù'ān)
惶惶不定
惶惶無措／惶惶无措
戰戰惶惶／战战惶惶
栖栖惶惶

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