包める

Japanese
Kanji in this term
包
くる
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) くるめ​る [kùrúméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝme̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

包(くる)める • (kurumeru) transitive ichidan (stem 包(くる)め (kurume), past 包(くる)めた (kurumeta))

Japanese verb pair
active 包(くる)める (包(くる)める)
mediopassive 包(くる)まる (包(くる)まる)
  1. to pack up
    荷(に)物(もつ)を一(ひと)つに包(くる)める
    nimotsu o hitotsu ni kurumeru
    to pack up the baggage into one bag
  2. to wrap
    毛布(もうふ)でからだを包(くる)める
    mōfu de karada o kurumeru
    to wrap the body with a blanket
  3. to fool or deceive someone by rhetoric
    うまうまと包(くる)められる
    umauma to kurumerareru
    to get deceived easily

Conjugation
Conjugation of "包める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 包め くるめ kurume
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 包め くるめ kurume
Shūshikei ("terminal") 包める くるめる kurumeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 包める くるめる kurumeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 包めれ くるめれ kurumere
Meireikei ("imperative") 包めよ¹
包めろ²		 くるめよ¹
くるめろ²		 kurumeyo¹
kurumero²
Key constructions
Passive 包められる くるめられる kurumerareru
Causative 包めさせる
包めさす		 くるめさせる
くるめさす		 kurumesaseru
kurumesasu
Potential 包められる
包めれる³		 くるめられる
くるめれる³		 kurumerareru
kurumereru³
Volitional 包めよう くるめよう kurumeyō
Negative 包めない
包めぬ
包めん		 くるめない
くるめぬ
くるめん		 kurumenai
kurumenu
kurumen
Negative continuative 包めず くるめず kurumezu
Formal 包めます くるめます kurumemasu
Perfective 包めた くるめた kurumeta
Conjunctive 包めて くるめて kurumete
Hypothetical conditional 包めれば くるめれば kurumereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "包む" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 包めくるめkurume
Continuative (連用形) 包めくるめkurume
Terminal (終止形) 包むくるむkurumu
Attributive (連体形) 包むるくるむるkurumuru
Realis (已然形) 包むれくるむれkurumure
Imperative (命令形) 包めよくるめよkurumeyo
Key constructions
Negative 包めずくるめずkurumezu
Contrasting conjunction 包むれどくるむれどkurumuredo
Causal conjunction 包むればくるむればkurumureba
Conditional conjunction 包めばくるめばkurumeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 包めきくるめきkurumeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 包めけりくるめけりkurumekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 包めつくるめつkurumetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 包めぬくるめぬkurumenu
Perfect-continuative tense 包めたりくるめたりkurumetari
Volitional 包めむくるめむkurumemu

References
  1. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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