ḏꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑː/
- Conventional anglicization: dja

Noun

m

storm, stormwind [since the Old Kingdom]
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 30–32:
  
  sr.sn ḏꜥ nj jjt nšnj nj ḫprt.f
  They could predict a stormwind before it came or a thunderstorm before it happened.
(Late Egyptian) altercation; fierce exchange of words
(medicine) flatulence

Inflection

Declension of ḏꜥ (masculine)

singular	ḏꜥ
dual	ḏꜥwj
plural	ḏꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏꜥ

ḏꜥ

[Old and New Kingdom]

[Late Period]

[20th Dynasty]

sportive writing

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲟ (čo)

Verb

2-lit.

(intransitive, medicine, of a person) to fart
(intransitive, of the sky) to be(come) stormy [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏꜥ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḏꜥ, geminated stem: ḏꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḏꜥ	ḏꜥw, ḏꜥ	ḏꜥt	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḏꜥ	ḥr ḏꜥ	m ḏꜥ	r ḏꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	consecutive	ḏꜥ.jn
terminative	ḏꜥt	consecutive	ḏꜥ.jn
perfective³	ḏꜥ	obligative¹	ḏꜥ.ḫr
imperfective	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ¹	obligative¹	ḏꜥ.ḫr
prospective³	ḏꜥ	potentialis¹	ḏꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ¹	potentialis¹	ḏꜥ.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	—	—
perfective	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥꜥ, ḏꜥꜥj⁶, ḏꜥ², ḏꜥw^{2 5}, ḏꜥy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.ḏꜥ¹, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥy, ḏꜥw⁵	j.ḏꜥ¹, j.ḏꜥw^{1 5}, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥj⁶, ḏꜥy⁶	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥw⁵
prospective	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥtj⁷	ḏꜥtj⁴, ḏꜥt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Noun

m

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
1. a type of agricultural work [Old Kingdom]

Noun

m

a type of bread

Inflection

Declension of ḏꜥ (masculine)

singular	ḏꜥ
dual	ḏꜥwj
plural	ḏꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏꜥ

ḏꜥ

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to spearfish, to catch by spearfishing [Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏꜥ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḏꜥ, geminated stem: ḏꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḏꜥ	ḏꜥw, ḏꜥ	ḏꜥt	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḏꜥ	ḥr ḏꜥ	m ḏꜥ	r ḏꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	ḏꜥw, ḏꜥ	consecutive	ḏꜥ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ḏꜥt
perfective³	ḏꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ḏꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ḏꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥꜥ	potentialis¹	ḏꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ḏꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ḏꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥꜥ, ḏꜥꜥj⁶, ḏꜥ², ḏꜥw^{2 5}, ḏꜥy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.ḏꜥ¹, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥy, ḏꜥw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.ḏꜥ¹, j.ḏꜥw^{1 5}, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥj⁶, ḏꜥy⁶	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥw⁵
prospective	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥtj⁷	—	ḏꜥtj⁴, ḏꜥt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Verb

Alternative form of ḏꜥr (“to seek”)

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏꜥ

ḏꜥ

Verb

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [19th Dynasty]
1. (transitive) to lay waste, to desolate
2. (intransitive) to be laid waste, to be(come) desolate
  - 19th Dynasty, Merneptah’s Libyan war inscription at Karnak:
    
    jw.s ḏꜥ.tj m hꜣw tp(j)w-ꜥ
    It was laid waste in the time of the ancestors

Descendants

Coptic: ϫⲁⲓⲉ (čaie, “desert”)

References

Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 533.11–534.13

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