شهد
Arabic
Verb
شَهِدَ • (šahida) I, non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَهِدَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun شُهُود)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
šuhūd | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāhid | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mašhūd | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šahidtu |
šahidta |
šahida |
شَهِدْتُمَا šahidtumā |
šahidā |
šahidnā |
šahidtum |
šahidū | |||
| f | šahidti |
šahidat |
شَهِدَتَا šahidatā |
šahidtunna |
šahidna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašhadu |
tašhadu |
yašhadu |
تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni |
يَشْهَدَانِ yašhadāni |
našhadu |
tašhadūna |
yašhadūna | |||
| f | tašhadīna |
tašhadu |
تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni |
tašhadna |
yašhadna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašhada |
tašhada |
yašhada |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
يَشْهَدَا yašhadā |
našhada |
tašhadū |
yašhadū | |||
| f | tašhadī |
tašhada |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
tašhadna |
yašhadna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašhad |
tašhad |
yašhad |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
يَشْهَدَا yašhadā |
našhad |
tašhadū |
yašhadū | |||
| f | tašhadī |
tašhad |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
tašhadna |
yašhadna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išhad |
اِشْهَدَا išhadā |
išhadū |
||||||||
| f | išhadī |
išhadna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šuhidtu |
šuhidta |
šuhida |
شُهِدْتُمَا šuhidtumā |
šuhidā |
šuhidnā |
šuhidtum |
šuhidū | |||
| f | šuhidti |
šuhidat |
شُهِدَتَا šuhidatā |
šuhidtunna |
šuhidna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušhadu |
tušhadu |
yušhadu |
تُشْهَدَانِ tušhadāni |
يُشْهَدَانِ yušhadāni |
nušhadu |
tušhadūna |
yušhadūna | |||
| f | tušhadīna |
tušhadu |
تُشْهَدَانِ tušhadāni |
tušhadna |
yušhadna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušhada |
tušhada |
yušhada |
تُشْهَدَا tušhadā |
يُشْهَدَا yušhadā |
nušhada |
tušhadū |
yušhadū | |||
| f | tušhadī |
tušhada |
تُشْهَدَا tušhadā |
tušhadna |
yušhadna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušhad |
tušhad |
yušhad |
تُشْهَدَا tušhadā |
يُشْهَدَا yušhadā |
nušhad |
tušhadū |
yušhadū | |||
| f | tušhadī |
tušhad |
تُشْهَدَا tušhadā |
tušhadna |
yušhadna | |||||||
Verb
شَهِدَ • (šahida) I, non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu)
- to testify, to bear witness, to give testimony, to give evidence
- شَهِدَ الشَّاهِدُ بِالحَقِّ أَمَامَ القَاضِي.
- šahida š-šāhidu bi-l-ḥaqqi ʔamāma l-qāḍī.
- The witness testified to the truth in front of the judge.
- to attest, to confirm, to certify
- to witness (a signature)
- to acknowledge, to adjudge
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَهِدَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun شَهَادَة)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
šahāda | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāhid | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mašhūd | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šahidtu |
šahidta |
šahida |
شَهِدْتُمَا šahidtumā |
šahidā |
šahidnā |
šahidtum |
šahidū | |||
| f | šahidti |
šahidat |
شَهِدَتَا šahidatā |
šahidtunna |
šahidna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašhadu |
tašhadu |
yašhadu |
تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni |
يَشْهَدَانِ yašhadāni |
našhadu |
tašhadūna |
yašhadūna | |||
| f | tašhadīna |
tašhadu |
تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni |
tašhadna |
yašhadna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašhada |
tašhada |
yašhada |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
يَشْهَدَا yašhadā |
našhada |
tašhadū |
yašhadū | |||
| f | tašhadī |
tašhada |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
tašhadna |
yašhadna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašhad |
tašhad |
yašhad |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
يَشْهَدَا yašhadā |
našhad |
tašhadū |
yašhadū | |||
| f | tašhadī |
tašhad |
تَشْهَدَا tašhadā |
tašhadna |
yašhadna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išhad |
اِشْهَدَا išhadā |
išhadū |
||||||||
| f | išhadī |
išhadna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | šuhida |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yušhadu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yušhada |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yušhad |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Derived terms
- وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا (wašahida šāhidun min ʔahlihā)
Etymology 2
From ش ه د (š-h-d), uncertain sense, perhaps from likening the honeycombs to the graves of martyrs or the swarming of people at such shrines like bees swarm around a hive; see مشهد. Otherwise from the mucus that covers a fetus at birth; the meaning of birth is extended from the "being around" or "being present" of verb form I.
Noun
شَهْد or شُهْد • (šahd or šuhd) m (plural شِهَاد (šihād))
- honey especially still in the honeycomb
- Synonym: عَسَل (ʕasal)
- 13th century, Saʿdī aš-Šīrāzī, دیوان سعدی [Dīwān of Saʿdī]:
- فَكَمْ تُمَرِّرُ عَيْشِي وَأَنْتَ حامِلُ شَهْدٍ
- fakam tumarriru ʕayšī waʔanta ḥāmilu šahdin
- And how much you make my life bitter and [although] you are a carrier of honey
- honeycomb
- melon, cantaloupe
- nectar
- (figuratively) anything pleasant
- (figuratively, from stickiness) semen, menstruation
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شَهْد; شُهْد šahd; šuhd |
الشَّهْد; الشُّهْد aš-šahd; aš-šuhd |
شَهْد; شُهْد šahd; šuhd |
| Nominative | شَهْدٌ; شُهْدٌ šahdun; šuhdun |
الشَّهْدُ; الشُّهْدُ aš-šahdu; aš-šuhdu |
شَهْدُ; شُهْدُ šahdu; šuhdu |
| Accusative | شَهْدًا; شُهْدًا šahdan; šuhdan |
الشَّهْدَ; الشُّهْدَ aš-šahda; aš-šuhda |
شَهْدَ; شُهْدَ šahda; šuhda |
| Genitive | شَهْدٍ; شُهْدٍ šahdin; šuhdin |
الشَّهْدِ; الشُّهْدِ aš-šahdi; aš-šuhdi |
شَهْدِ; شُهْدِ šahdi; šuhdi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | شَهْدَيْن; شُهْدَيْن šahdayn; šuhdayn |
الشَّهْدَيْن; الشُّهْدَيْن aš-šahdayn; aš-šuhdayn |
شَهْدَيْ; شُهْدَيْ šahday; šuhday |
| Nominative | شَهْدَانِ; شُهْدَانِ šahdāni; šuhdāni |
الشَّهْدَانِ; الشُّهْدَانِ aš-šahdāni; aš-šuhdāni |
شَهْدَا; شُهْدَا šahdā; šuhdā |
| Accusative | شَهْدَيْنِ; شُهْدَيْنِ šahdayni; šuhdayni |
الشَّهْدَيْنِ; الشُّهْدَيْنِ aš-šahdayni; aš-šuhdayni |
شَهْدَيْ; شُهْدَيْ šahday; šuhday |
| Genitive | شَهْدَيْنِ; شُهْدَيْنِ šahdayni; šuhdayni |
الشَّهْدَيْنِ; الشُّهْدَيْنِ aš-šahdayni; aš-šuhdayni |
شَهْدَيْ; شُهْدَيْ šahday; šuhday |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شِهَاد šihād |
الشِّهَاد aš-šihād |
شِهَاد šihād |
| Nominative | شِهَادٌ šihādun |
الشِّهَادُ aš-šihādu |
شِهَادُ šihādu |
| Accusative | شِهَادًا šihādan |
الشِّهَادَ aš-šihāda |
شِهَادَ šihāda |
| Genitive | شِهَادٍ šihādin |
الشِّهَادِ aš-šihādi |
شِهَادِ šihādi |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “شهد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 459–460
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شهد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1609–1611
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʃahð]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʃäɦd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʃɑːd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʃɔːd̪̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃæɦd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃäɦd̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | šahd |
| Dari reading? | šahd |
| Iranian reading? | šahd |
| Tajik reading? | šahd |
Noun
شهد • (šahd)
- nectar (in the flower, before bees make it into honey)
- (archaic) honey
- (figurative) something sweet
- c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Ghazal 265”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]:
- ای دل چو جهان به کام ما نیست
شهباز وفا به دام ما نیست
وز شهد وصال آن دلارام
جز زهر جفا به جام ما نیست- ay dil čū jahān ba kām-i mā nēst
šahbāz-i wafā ba dām-i mā nēst
w-az šahd-i wisāl-i ān dilārām
juz zahr-i jafā ba jām-i mā nēst - O heart! Since the world is not as we would wish it,
The falcon of loyalty is not in our snare,
And from the honey of reunion with that heart-soothing one,
There is nothing but the venom of torment in our cup.
- ay dil čū jahān ba kām-i mā nēst
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